Rotterdam: population and statistics
Rotterdam has a population of 673,804 (2026) across 220.3 km², or 3,058 people per km². It ranks 2 of 342 municipalities by population. Its population is growing: +7.0% between 2016 and 2026.
- 673,804 residents
- 220.3 km²
- 3,058 people/km²
- −1 m
Key points
Among the 50 municipalities in South Holland, Rotterdam ranks No. 1 by population.
Dwellings with solar power: 11% in Rotterdam, compared with an average of 28% in South Holland and 38% nationally.
Largest business sector: Professional, scientific and technical, with 20.9% of the area's business sites.
A 1 kWp solar panel tilted at 39° generates about 1,044 kWh a year here.
Rotterdam in numbers
Where is Rotterdam?
Neighbouring municipalities
- Schiedam3.9 km · 81,931
- Vlaardingen5.9 km · 77,480
- Delft7.9 km · 110,089
- Lansingerland8.1 km · 66,633
- Midden-Delfland8.1 km · 19,355
- Pijnacker-Nootdorp9.1 km · 58,741
- Albrandswaard10 km · 26,559
- Capelle aan den IJssel11 km · 69,698
All municipalities in South Holland
All municipalities in Groot-Rijnmond (COROP region)
Municipalities of similar size
Population of Rotterdam over time
Rotterdam had 629,606 residents in 2016 and 673,804 in 2026.
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 651,631 |
| 2022 | 655,468 |
| 2023 | 663,900 |
| 2024 | 670,610 |
| 2025 | 672,960 |
| 2026 | 673,804 |
Did you know?
- Number 1 in South Holland for “Population”.
- Number 1 in South Holland for “Housing stock”.
- “Housing stock”: higher than in 99% of municipalities.
- “Dwellings with solar power”: lower than in 99% of municipalities.
- “Business establishments”: higher than in 99% of municipalities.
- Its area is roughly equal to 30,857 football pitches.
- Its population density is 5.7 times the national average.
All indicators for Rotterdam
Value for the municipality, then the regional average and the national median (for counts: regional and national totals). The gauge places the municipality between the lowest and highest value in the country.
Population
| Indicator | Rotterdam | South Holland | National | Position? | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Share of residents aged 65 and over (2026) | 16.2% | 19.5% | 23.6% | ranked 336 of 342 | |
| Share of residents under 15 (2026) | 14.8% | 15.5% | 14.8% | ranked 166 of 342 | |
| Natural increase per 1,000 inhabitants (2024) | 1.5 ‰ | 0.8 ‰ | −1.3 ‰ | ranked 56 of 342 | |
| Net migration per 1,000 inhabitants (domestic and international) (2024) | 2.0 ‰ | 5.3 ‰ | 6.5 ‰ | ranked 274 of 342 |
Housing
| Indicator | Rotterdam | South Holland | National | Position? | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Housing stock (2025) | 328,408 dwellings | 1,773,459 | 8,274,510 | ranked 2 of 342 | |
| Dwellings built before 1946 (2024) | 29.2% | 19.8% | 13.1% | ranked 15 of 338 | |
| Dwellings built since 2000 (2024) | 15.5% | 20.3% | 19.9% | ranked 258 of 338 | |
| Single-family dwellings (2024) | 25.3% | 49.2% | 79.5% | ranked 340 of 342 | |
| Owner-occupied dwellings (2024) | 35.2% | 53.3% | 66.7% | ranked 341 of 342 | |
| Housing association dwellings (2024) | 42.8% | 31.1% | 23.7% | ranked 1 of 340 | |
| Average official property value (WOZ) of dwellings (2026) | 374,000 € | 431,489 € | 438,000 € | ranked 270 of 342 | |
| New dwellings in the last five years per 1,000 inhabitants (2025) | 17.2 ‰ | 19.0 ‰ | 17.4 ‰ | ranked 175 of 341 |
Energy
| Indicator | Rotterdam | South Holland | National | Position? | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average natural gas use per dwelling (2025) | 580 m³ | 709 m³ | 900 m³ | ranked 331 of 342 | |
| Average electricity supplied per dwelling (2025) | 2,120 kWh | 2,422 kWh | 2,810 kWh | ranked 339 of 342 | |
| Dwellings without natural gas (2025) | 24% | 13% | 7% | ranked 13 of 342 | |
| Dwellings with solar power (2025) | 11% | 28% | 46% | ranked 341 of 342 | |
| Dwellings mainly heated by electricity (2025) | 3% | 8% | 12% | ranked 341 of 342 | |
| Area of solar parks (2022) | 8 ha | 174 ha | 3,475 ha | ranked 91 of 341 | |
| Dwellings with an individual central heating boiler (2022) | 68.2% | 78.8% | 90.3% | ranked 329 of 341 | |
| Dwellings with district heating (2022) | 20.6% | 7.7% | 0.1% | ranked 12 of 341 | |
| Average electricity fed back to the grid per dwelling (2025) | 220 kWh | 641 kWh | 1,245 kWh | ranked 341 of 342 | |
| Installed solar panel capacity per inhabitant (2025) | 510 Wp | 898 Wp | 1,707 Wp | ranked 332 of 342 | |
| Solar power installations per 1,000 inhabitants (2025) | 60.9 ‰ | 134.2 ‰ | 222.7 ‰ | ranked 341 of 342 |
Economy
| Indicator | Rotterdam | South Holland | National | Position? | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average disposable income per household (2024) | 53,300 € | 62,019 € | 63,450 € | ranked 314 of 336 | |
| Business establishments (2026) | 110,815 | 563,040 | 2,612,530 | ranked 2 of 342 | |
| Business establishments per 1,000 inhabitants (2026) | 164.5 ‰ | 145.0 ‰ | 135.6 ‰ | ranked 41 of 342 |
Employment
| Indicator | Rotterdam | South Holland | National | Position? | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unemployment benefits (WW), % of residents 15–65 (2026) | 1.8% | 1.5% | 1.5% | ranked 28 of 342 | |
| Social assistance (below pension age), % of residents 15–65 (2026) | 7.2% | 4.1% | 2.3% | ranked 1 of 342 |
Transport
| Indicator | Rotterdam | South Holland | National | Position? | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Privately owned passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants (2025) | 322 ‰ | 400 ‰ | 508 ‰ | ranked 336 of 342 | |
| Average distance to the nearest railway station (2025) | 3.6 km | 5.6 km | 4.6 km | ranked 196 of 342 |
Society
| Indicator | Rotterdam | South Holland | National | Position? | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average household size (2025) | 1.9 persons | 2.1 | 2.2 | ranked 320 of 342 | |
| Single-person households (2025) | 49.4% | 40.7% | 33.3% | ranked 13 of 342 | |
| Registered offences per 1,000 inhabitants (2025) | 80.1 ‰ | 50.7 ‰ | 30.9 ‰ | ranked 2 of 338 | |
| Theft, embezzlement and burglary per 1,000 inhabitants (2025) | 34.9 ‰ | 21.4 ‰ | 11.7 ‰ | ranked 6 of 320 | |
| Vandalism and damage per 1,000 inhabitants (2025) | 5.7 ‰ | 4.5 ‰ | 3.8 ‰ | ranked 12 of 171 | |
| Violent and sexual offences per 1,000 inhabitants (2025) | 9.7 ‰ | 5.9 ‰ | 3.9 ‰ | ranked 1 of 178 | |
| Average distance to a large supermarket (2025) | 0.6 km | 0.8 km | 1.0 km | ranked 332 of 342 |
Environment
| Indicator | Rotterdam | South Holland | National | Position? | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Household waste per inhabitant (2024) | 392 kg | 421 kg | 468 kg | ranked 293 of 340 | |
| Share of built-up and paved land (excluding water) (2022) | 74.5% | 52.0% | 16.8% | ranked 4 of 341 | |
| Share of agricultural land (excluding water) (2022) | 10.2% | 28.5% | 58.8% | ranked 326 of 341 | |
| Share of natural land, including forest (excluding water) (2022) | 3.3% | 7.6% | 11.7% | ranked 280 of 341 |
Health
| Indicator | Rotterdam | South Holland | National | Position? | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average distance to the nearest GP practice (2025) | 0.7 km | 0.9 km | 1.2 km | ranked 323 of 342 |
Education
| Indicator | Rotterdam | South Holland | National | Position? | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents with a higher professional or university degree (2024) | 33.5% | 33.2% | 28.5% | ranked 84 of 341 | |
| Average distance to the nearest school (2025) | 0.6 km | 0.7 km | 0.8 km | ranked 304 of 342 |
Rotterdam: indicators over time
Indicators available for several years. Hover over or tap a chart to read the value for each year.
Dwellings with an individual central heating boiler
68.2% in 2022, compared with 68.8% in 2017
Dwellings with district heating
20.6% in 2022, compared with 17.9% in 2017
Installed solar panel capacity per inhabitant
510 Wp in 2025, compared with 79 Wp in 2019
Solar power installations per 1,000 inhabitants
60.9 ‰ in 2025, compared with 15.3 ‰ in 2019
Registered offences per 1,000 inhabitants
80.1 ‰ in 2025, compared with 81.1 ‰ in 2019
Theft, embezzlement and burglary per 1,000 inhabitants
34.9 ‰ in 2025, compared with 38.4 ‰ in 2019
Vandalism and damage per 1,000 inhabitants
5.7 ‰ in 2025, compared with 5.7 ‰ in 2019
Violent and sexual offences per 1,000 inhabitants
9.7 ‰ in 2025, compared with 9.3 ‰ in 2019
Sunshine and temperatures: Rotterdam
| Month | Sunshine | Temperature |
|---|---|---|
| January | 23 | 4.1 |
| February | 40 | 4.2 |
| March | 83 | 6.5 |
| April | 131 | 9.8 |
| May | 160 | 13.4 |
| June | 167 | 16.7 |
| July | 163 | 18.5 |
| August | 136 | 17.9 |
| September | 97 | 15.6 |
| October | 56 | 12.1 |
| November | 27 | 7.7 |
| December | 18 | 5.1 |
Business sectors: Rotterdam
Share of each sector in total business sites; “×1.5” means the sector is 1.5 times more common than nationally.
- Professional, scientific and technical20.9% ×1.0
- Health and social work12.0% ×1.1
- Wholesale and retail trade11.6% ×0.9
- Construction11.2% ×1.1
- Arts, entertainment and recreation7.0% ×1.3
- Administrative and support services6.4% ×1.2
- Education5.6% ×1.0
- Information and communication5.5% ×1.0
Frequently asked questions
What is the population of Rotterdam?
Rotterdam has 673,804 residents (2026), ranking 2 of 342 municipalities.
How big is Rotterdam?
Rotterdam covers 220.3 km², with a density of 3,058 people per km².
Is the population of Rotterdam growing?
Between 2016 and 2026, the population of Rotterdam went from 629,606 to 673,804, a change of +7.0%.
Where is Rotterdam?
Rotterdam is in South Holland. It belongs to Groot-Rijnmond (COROP region). Latitude 51.950, longitude 4.417.
Housing stock: what is the figure for Rotterdam?
In Rotterdam, “Housing stock” stands at 328,408 dwellings (2025), ranking 2 of 342 municipalities; the national median is 14,880 dwellings.
Dwellings with solar power: what is the figure for Rotterdam?
In Rotterdam, “Dwellings with solar power” stands at 11% (2025), ranking 341 of 342 municipalities; the national median is 46%.
How much electricity does a solar panel produce in Rotterdam?
In Rotterdam, a 1 kWp south-facing system tilted at 39° produces about 1,044 kWh a year.
Which municipalities border Rotterdam?
The nearest to Rotterdam are Schiedam (3.9 km), Vlaardingen (5.9 km), Delft (7.9 km), Lansingerland (8.1 km), Midden-Delfland (8.1 km).